Three-Dimensional Broadband Electric Field Sensor Based on Integrated Lithium Niobate on Insulator

A three-dimensional (3D) electric field sensing scheme is proposed and experimentally demonstrated based on an integrated lithium niobate insulator (LNOI) platform. The 3D measurement realized by packing three LNOI-based sensor chips in a triangular-prism-type clamp. For each chip, the optical waveguide has asymmetrical Michelson interferometer architecture, tapered dipole antenna inclined to waveguide. By finely placing clamp, pairs of antennas are mutually orthogonal can be applied measure polarization directions. volume packaged 9.5 cm3. In experiment, flat response frequency range 10 MHz 3 GHz demonstrated. addition, × calibration matrix obtained utilized reduce error. After calibration, relative error amplitude smaller than 5.1% for every direction.